Computer - Ports

What is a Port?

A port:

• is a physical docking point using which an external device can be connected to the computer.
• can also be programmatic docking point through which information flows from a program to computer or over the internet.

Characteristics

A port has the following characteristics:

• External devices are connected to a computer using cables and ports.
• Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable of external device is plugged in.
• Examples of external devices attached via ports are mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers etc.

Following are few important types of ports:

Serial Port

• Used for external modems and older computer mouse
• Two versions : 9 pin, 25 pin model
• Data travels at 115 kilobits per second

Parallel Port

• Used for scanners and printers
• Also called printer port
• 25 pin model
• Also known as IEEE 1284-compliant Centronics port

PS/2 Port

• Used for old computer keyboard and mouse
• Also called mouse port
• Most of the old computers provide two PS/2 port, each for mouse and keyboard
• Also known as IEEE 1284-compliant Centronics port

Universal Serial Bus (or USB) Port

• It can connect all kinds of external USB devices such as external hard disk, printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard etc.
• It was introduced in 1997.
• Most of the computers provide two USB ports as minimum.
• Data travels at 12 megabits per seconds
• USB compliant devices can get power from a USB port

VGA Port

• Connects monitor to a computer's video card.
• Has 15 holes.
• Similar to serial port connector but serial port connector has pins, it has holes.

Power Connector

• Three-pronged plug
• Connects to the computer's power cable that plugs into a power bar or wall socket

Firewire Port

• Transfers large amount of data at very fast speed.
• Connects camcorders and video equipments to the computer
• Data travels at 400 to 800 megabits per seconds
• Invented by Apple
• Three variants : 4-Pin FireWire 400 connector, 6-Pin FireWire 400 connector and 9-Pin FireWire 800 connector

Modem Port

• Connects a PC's modem to the telephone network

Ethernet Port

• Connects to a network and high speed Internet.
• Connect network cable to a computer.
• This port resides on an Ethernet Card.
• Data travels at 10 megabits to 1000 megabits per seconds depending upon the network bandwidth.

Game Port

• Connect a joystick to a PC
• Now replaced by USB.

Digital Video Interface, DVI port

• Connects Flat panel LCD monitor to the computer's high end video graphic cards.
• Very popular among video card manufacturers.

Sockets

• Connect microphone, speakers to sound card of the computer